Human layer 2/3 neurons can compute the XOR operation

Foglets.com

Feb 1, 2020 — 1 min read

Why human layer 2/3 neurons?
The human brain has evolved an extraordinarily thick cortex with layers 2 and 3 (L2/3 of 6) particularly important in cognitive function. These L2/3 human cortical neurons form dendritic trees, which the researchers explain “largely determine the repertoire of transformations of the synaptic inputs to axonal action potentials (APs) at the output. Thus, they constitute a key element of the neuron’s computational power.”

It’s believed one of the reasons these human brain neurons’ abilities remained undiscovered is because previous knowledge of active dendrites was developed almost entirely from studies on rodents.

In their investigation of the dendrites of L2/3 neurons the researchers discovered waveform and effects on neuronal output fromdCaAPs, a class of calcium-mediated dendritic action potentials: “In contrast to typical all-or-none action potentials, dCaAPs were graded; their amplitudes were maximal for threshold-level stimuli but dampened for stronger stimuli. These dCaAPs enabled the dendrites of individual human neocortical pyramidal neurons to classify linearly nonseparable inputs—a computation conventionally thought to require multilayered networks.”

It had been assumed that tasks such as XOR could not be performed by a single neuron. In fact it takes a two-layer artificial neural network to compute XOR (Exclusive Or) — a basic logical operation that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd.

he discoveries provide an exciting new perspective on how neurons work and how our brains process information. Says Oberlin College Neuroscience graduate Yujia Liu: “If the findings can be further examined in more detail in terms of explainability and interpretability, there may be some insights for creating a new type of artificial neurons. Inspired by the research, an equally powerful artificial neural network could be created without so many neurons.”

The paper Dendritic Action Potentials and Computation in Human Layer 2/3 Cortical Neurons is available on Science.

Source: Synced Review

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